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| UDK 613.25-053.2/.6(497.11) ; 572.5.087-053.2/.6(497.11) |
ISSN 035-2899, 39(2014) br.2 p.78-84 |
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Original paper Some determinants of nourishment rates of boys and girls enrolling primary schools and in adolescence (7, 14 and 17 years of age), the 1996 generation born in Zaječar (Pojedine determinate stepena uhranjenosti dečaka i devojčica pred upis u školu i u periodu adolescencije (u 7, 14 i 17. godini) generacije rođene 1996. godine u Zaječaru) Miloš
Bogoslović (1), Milena Potić-Floranović (2), Miljana
Stanojković-Nikolić (3), Dragana Mitrović (4), Milan Spasić (5),
Miljana Mladenović-Petrović (6) |
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| Download in pdf format | Summary: Introduction: Obesity in childhood and adolescence is associated with numerous risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Some of these risk factors are type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension and dyslipidemia. Obesity and associated risk factors for CVD have a clear canopy guards that persist into adulthood. Factors that influence body mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents are nutritional status, physical activity, sedentary lifestyle and individual determinants such as obesity parents, their age, education, occupation, number of family members, length of breastfeeding, birth weight, lifestyles. Knowledge of individual determinants is useful in directing prevention programs for preventing obesity among children and adolescents. Objective: Monitoring the impact of determinants such as the age of parents, number of family members and birth weight on the level of nutrition in boys and girls aging 7 and during adolescence in the generation of children born in 1996 in Zaječar. Material and Methods: The study included 190 boys and 178 girls before enrolling primary schools, at the age of 7, whereby body weight (BW) and height (BH) were measured. The first examination at the age of 7 was performed in 2003, at the age of 14 in 2010 and at the age of 17 in 2013 at the Children's Medical Centre Zaječar. Body mass index (BMI) as a parameter to assess nutritional state was calculated according to a standard formula: BMI=BM(kg)/BH(m)2. Each examinee, together with their parents, answered the questionnaire which contained the information about the age of parents, number of family members and birth weight. These data were used in all three follow-up periods. At each successive examination, parents’ age were corrected by the time elapsed since the previous one. As regards the number of children in the family, the respondents were divided into two groups: I - one child and II - more than one children. According to postpartum mass (PM), boys were divided into three groups: eutrophic (2,600-3,999g), hypothrophic (≤2,599g) and hypertrophic (≥4,000g); girls were divided into three groups: eutrophic (2,600-3,849g), hypothrophic (≤2,599) and hypertrophic (≥3,850g). Fathers of seven-year olds were divided into three age groups - the first consisted of fathers under the age of 34, the second of fathers 35-39 years old, the third aging 40 and over. Mothers were also divided in three age groups - the first consisted of mothers under 29, the second of mothers 30-34 years old, the third group of mothers aging 35 years and over. At the ages of 14 and 17, the ages of the parents were increased in each of the three categories for as many years as parents and patients were older (7 and 10). The difference in the age groups of fathers and mothers stemmed from the fact that the fathers of the respondents were on average 5 years older than the mothers. The significance was tested by the T-test. Results: Based on the criteria given by Cole et al, of the 190 boys aging 7, 17 (8.95%) were underweight with an average BMI-13.57±0.41, 134 (70.5%) were of normal weight, the average BMI-15.81±0.99. There were 39 (20.5%) children at risk of becoming overweight and obese, with an average BMI-20.72±2.25. Based on the criteria given by Cole et al, of the 178 girls aging 7, 19 (10.67%) were malnourished, with an average BMI-13.21±0.49, 122 (68.54%) of normal weight with an average BMI-15.58±1.17. There were 37 (20.78%) children at risk of becoming overweight and obese, with an average BMI-19.73±1.88. In families with more children, the average BMI was higher in boys at the age of seven. In adolescence there was no difference in boys in mean BMI. As regarded girls with respect to the number of children in the family, there were no statistically significant differences in mean BMI at any surveyed age. For boys and girls, according to the delivery weight there was no statistically significant difference in the mean BMI at any surveyed age. Before starting school, boys whose mothers were younger (≤ 29 years) had a higher average BMI (p <0.01) as compared to the peers whose mothers were older. The same applied to the age of 14. At the age of 17, maternal age did not influence average BMI. According to the age of the mothers: there was no impact of mothers’ age on the average BMI in the girls before starting school. At the ages of 14 and 17, adolescent girls whose mothers were younger had a higher average BMI (p <0.01). Boys before starting school whose fathers were younger (≤ 34 years old) had a higher average BMI (p <0.02) as compared to the peers whose fathers were older. The same applied to the age of 14. At the age of 17 the fathers’ age had no impact on the average BMI. According to the age of fathers, girls before starting school whose fathers were younger (≤ 34 years) had a higher average BMI (p <0.003). The same applied to the age of 17. At the age of 14 the highest average BMI had female adolescents whose fathers were "middle-aged" 42-46 years old (p <0.029). Conclusion: In our examinees of both sexes at the ages of 7, 14 and 17, birth weight has no impact on average BMI. In families with many children, average BMI is higher. At the ages of 7 and 14, children of younger parents have a higher average BMI, save for adolescent 14-year old girls where daughters of middle-aged fathers have a higher average BMI. Keywords: determinants of nutritional status, adolescents, birth weight, age of parents Napomena: kompletan tekst rada na srpskom jeziku Note: full text in Serbian |
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Corresponding Address: Marko Cvetković; Pediajtrijska služba; Zdravstveni Centar Zaječar; Rasadnička bb; 19000 Zaječar; Srbija; E-mail: marko@cvetkovic.rs |
Paper received: 7.5.2014 Paper accepted: 17.6.2014 Paper Internet issues: 15.8.2014 |
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